Which of the following actions is considered child abuse?

Allowing a child to consume or inhale toxins is considered child abuse because it places the child in a harmful and potentially life-threatening situation. This action neglects the duty of care that guardians and caregivers have towards children to ensure their safety and well-being. Exposure to toxins can lead to serious health complications, both immediately and in the long term, demonstrating a clear disregard for the child's physical health and safety.

In contrast, providing a child with adequate food and shelter, restricting access to educational resources, and encouraging participation in sports are actions that do not inherently lead to harm in the same way. While restricting access to educational resources can have negative effects on a child's development and future opportunities, it does not constitute abuse in the legal sense as allowing exposure to harmful substances does. Thus, the act of allowing a child to ingest or inhale toxins constitutes clear abuse due to the immediate danger it poses to the child's health.