What constitutes child abuse?

Child abuse encompasses a range of harmful behaviors directed towards a minor that can result in physical or emotional harm. Extreme and repeated cruelty to a minor is a clear manifestation of child abuse, as it involves intentional actions that inflict pain, suffering, or psychological damage on the child. This definition captures both physical abuse, such as hitting or beating, as well as emotional abuse, like constant belittlement or intimidation.

The other choices, while concerning, do not meet the established legal thresholds or definitions of child abuse. Strict discipline, for instance, can sometimes fall within the bounds of acceptable parental behavior unless it crosses into excessive physical punishment. Similarly, neglecting a child's education, though detrimental to a child's wellbeing, is typically identified as educational neglect rather than direct abuse. Lastly, refusing to allow a child to play outside may be seen as overprotective behavior, and while it can impact a child's social development, it does not constitute abuse in the absence of additional harmful context. Thus, the confirmation that extreme and repeated cruelty falls under the definition of child abuse is critical for understanding the legal and ethical frameworks governing the welfare of minors.